
The UK financial services industry is about 20% larger in real terms than immediately after the Brexit referendum.

London is the main AI-related investment center in Europe.

London hosts 40% of global foreign exchange trading every day.

London markets and Lloyd's have 100 underwriters.

The London insurance markets are responsible for about 15% of the City of London's finance turnover.
JPMorgan moved traders from Paris back to London.

London remains the headquarters of choice for European private-markets business.
Rishi Sunak put together a financial-industry deregulation bill in 2022.
Manus relocated all of its staff to Singapore in 2025.
Didi's attempt to list in the United States was killed.

Chinese regulators previously approved Manus's transfer to Singapore.

Britain voted to leave the European Union in 2016.
The City of London exports more than €25 billion in financial services to the European Union every year.

The British pound sold off immediately after the 2016 Brexit referendum.

London dropped out of the top 20 global markets for IPO volumes in 2025.

The financial services industry accounts for about 8% of the UK economy.

The UK financial services industry is worth about £224 billion a year.

The UK financial services industry made up about 7% of the UK economy immediately after the Brexit referendum.

The United Kingdom left the European single market.

In 2020, London was a distant second behind New York in the Z/Yen Global Financial Centres Index.

London scored 766 points in the Z/Yen Global Financial Centres Index survey discussed in the episode.

New York scored 767 points in the Z/Yen Global Financial Centres Index survey discussed in the episode.

Michael Mainelli was the 695th Lord Mayor of the City of London in 2023-2024.

Michael Mainelli was the first American to serve as Lord Mayor of the City of London.

The Global Financial Centres Index is measured on a 1,000-point scale.

London markets and Lloyd's have 200 brokers.

Ninety-five percent of protection and indemnity insurance goes through 12 companies.

At the time of Brexit, 525,000 people worked in the City of London.

The City of London has 676,000 workers.

Lloyd's of London was founded in the seventeenth century.

The London insurance markets employ about 45,000 to 50,000 people.

The City of London has about 8,000 residents.

Within two miles of London's Guildhall, there are 40 learned societies.

Within two miles of London's Guildhall, there are 70 universities.

Within two miles of London's Guildhall, there are 130 research institutes.
London's performance in the Z/Yen index peaked in 2016.
London's performance in the Z/Yen index fell sharply for six years after 2016.
London's performance in the Z/Yen index turned around after 2022.

South Korea does not use English common law.

Hong Kong has colonial-era links with Britain.

Singapore has colonial-era links with Britain.
Jamie Dimon received the Legion d'Honneur from Emmanuel Macron.
Jamie Dimon received the Legion d'Honneur for expanding Paris as a financial hub.

New York is the world's leading financial center.

Apollo is taking over PIC.

Brookfield is taking over Just Group.

Revolut received a UK banking license.

Some financial-sector jobs moved from London to continental Europe after Brexit.

Cross-border business became more difficult after Brexit.

The Bank of England was given a secondary growth mandate.

London's financial role grew out of an imperial project.

US insurers own more European securitizations than European insurers do.

The Bank of England is recalibrating financial rules created after the financial crisis.
The United Kingdom has rewritten insurance-industry regulation since 2022.
Interest rates went back up in 2022.
The British pound exchange rate fell sharply in 2022.

London IPO volumes have declined in absolute terms.

London IPO volumes have declined as a proportion of total European IPO volumes.

European IPO volumes have declined as a proportion of global IPO volumes.

Singapore ranks third in Boston Consulting Group's latest wealth-management rankings.

Singapore is the fastest-growing wealth-management centre in Boston Consulting Group's latest rankings.

The United Kingdom ranks fifth in Boston Consulting Group's latest wealth-management rankings.

The United Kingdom's wealth-management growth rate is about half Singapore's growth rate in Boston Consulting Group's latest rankings.
Meta wants to pay $2 billion for Manus.
Manus is an AI startup.
Manus was founded in China.
Manus relocated its headquarters to Singapore in 2025.
Beijing said it barred Meta from buying Manus.
Ant Group's financial listing was scuppered.
All Manus employees had already joined Meta.
All capital for Meta's planned Manus acquisition had already been transferred.
Chinese regulators are forcing Meta and Manus to unpick the deal.

Japan's ruling party is discussing a proposed 1% consumption tax rate.

Japan's prime minister campaigned on a temporary 0% consumption tax rate as an inflation offset.

Cash registers in Japan cannot process a 0% consumption tax rate.

A 1% consumption tax rate would be easier to implement in Japan than a 0% consumption tax rate.

Oklahoma's estimated passport possession rate is 33.1%.

West Virginia has the lowest United States state passport possession rate at 20.7%.

New Jersey has the highest United States state passport possession rate.